Hull in 1986, and has been extensively used worldwide over the past 30 years 4. Three-dimensional (3D) printing was first described by Charles W. Further, shortage of donors is another limitation associated with cadaveric dissection in some countries 2. However, cadaveric dissection has always been associated with ethical concerns 1, 2, difficulties and potential risks of preservation and disposal of specimens 3. Cadaveric dissection is an indispensable part of anatomy, and is superior to two-dimensional (2D) atlases in facilitating knowledge acquisition. It is one of the most complicated courses in medical curriculum due to the vast levels of knowledge needed and demands for spatial imagination. In this RCT, an inexpensive, precise and rapidly-produced skull model had advantages in assisting anatomy study, especially in structure recognition, compared with traditional education materials.Īnatomy is the basis of modern medicine. Scores involving theory test, however, showed no difference between the three groups. In post-test, the 3D group was better than the other two groups in total score (cadaver: 29.5, 3D: 31.5, atlas: 27.75 p = 0.044) and scores of lab test (cadaver: 14, 3D: 16.5, atlas: 14.5 p = 0.049). Pre-test scores showed no differences between the three groups. All students completed identical tests, which composed of a theory test and a lab test, before and after a lecture. Seventy-nine medical students, who never studied anatomy, were randomized into three groups by drawing lots, using 3D printed skulls, cadaveric skulls, and atlas, respectively, to study the anatomical structures in skull through an introductory lecture and small group discussions.
A randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted to compare the learning efficiency of 3D printed skulls with that of cadaveric skulls and atlas. Colored skull models were produced by 3D printing technology.
If you study anatomy or have a keen interest in it and want to visualize the skeletal system and its components, you should download this wonderful app. Human Anatomy Atlas SP's functionality and streamlined interface make it a powerful reference application.
Even though you are offered all of the functionality from the paid version, you will need to upgrade if you want to enjoy more systems of the human body. Another great feature is how the application nests bones into systems this gives you a broader understanding of how bones work together. You have complete control over the positioning of the virtual body, and the details such as fine lines and other structures are clearly defined even when zooming in and panning for different views. You can select from 35 different views detailing specific bone configurations such as anterior or lateral systems and manipulate them in real time. Since this is the free version of Human Anatomy Atlas SP, users will only enjoy a part of it - an interactive atlas of skeletal anatomy with 3D models of bones and ligaments. But you don't have to be a student to enjoy it this app is great for anyone who wants to learn more about their body. Offering you 360-degree views and the ability to zoom in and out, it's an excellent solution for students of all levels.
Human Anatomy Atlas SP for Mac allows you to study the skeletal system in a way that is more intuitive than standard textbook diagrams.